Journal of Indonesian Medical Laboratory and Science (JoIMedLabS)

Optimalization of NaOH concentration in alkaline lysis method on quality and quantity of Candida albicans DNA

Nasya Desinta Putri, Endah Prayekti — Sat, 17 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The concentration of NaOH in the alkaline lysis method needs to be optimized, especially when isolating DNA for its application in PCR which has not been maximized using the Candida albicans fungus which has a complex cell wall and is difficult to break. Thus, this optimization is expected to increase the efficiency of the alkaline lysis DNA isolation method in fungal species. Objective: The purpose of this studied was to determine the effect of optimizing the concentration of NaOH in the alkaline lysis method on the quality and quantity of Candida albicans DNA. Materials and Methods: This researched is experimental by performed DNA isolation used alkaline lysis method used NaOH concentrations of 1.5 N, 1.75 N, and 2.0 N and controlled (NaOH 0.2 N). Calculation of DNA quality and quantity using a nanodrop spectrophotometer. Results: The results showed the ordered of obtained the high to low DNA quality (A260/280) was NaOH concentration 2.0 N>1.75 N>1.5 N>0.2 N (1.86±0.44-0.95±0.18) while for DNA quantity was NaOH concentration 2.0 N>1.75 N>1.5 N>0.2 N (187.7±58.3-9.6±3.5 ng/?l). Conclusion: There is an effect of optimizing NaOH concentration on the lysis of fungal cell walls in the alkaline lysis method, namely increased the purity valued and concentration of sample DNA isolation results gradually. The use of 2.0 N NaOH concentration produced the best quality and quantity of DNA, namely 1.86±0.44 for DNA quality and 187.7±58.3 for DNA quantity.

Sansevieria trifasciata Var. Laurentii ethanol extract can inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Sat, 17 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract characterized by coughing and shortness of breath caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. Sansevieria contains flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids known to have antibacterial properties that can destroy the bacterial cell walls. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of Sansevieria leaf extract against the growth of K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: Detection of antibacterial activity of Sansevieria was conducted with disc-diffusion test. The presence of antibacterial activity is indicated by the appearance of inhibition (clear) zone after applying the extract at a concentration of 60-100% to the culture medium. As a positive control, the antibiotic chloramphenicol was used. Results: The higher the extract concentration, the higher the inhibition zone formed. The inhibition zone formed from extract concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80% is classified as medium (d = 8; 8.5; 9 mm). Meanwhile, the inhibition zones at concentrations of 90% and 100% are 10.5 and 13.5 mm and are classified as strong. The clear zone of the positive control was 29 mm (very strong). Conclusions: Sansevieria leaf extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae bacteria.

Antibacterial activity of coriander seeds extract (Coriandrum sativum) against the growth of Streptococcus mutans

Liah Kodariah, Eka Yuliani Amaliah, Tyas Ismi Fadhillah — Sat, 21 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of dental caries, previously known as part of the normal flora in the oral cavity which plays a role in the process of fermenting carbohydrates to produce acid, and causes tooth demineralization. Chemical-based medicinal products such as toothpaste and mouthwash. Continuous use of chemicals can cause side effects for users such as hypersensitivity, therefore an alternative treatment from natural ingredients such as coriander seeds which can inhibit bacterial growth is needed. Objective: This research aims to determine the lowest concentration of coriander seed extract in 0,75%, 1.5%, 3% inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This study was conducted by soaking the test discs in coriander seed extract concentrations of 0.75%, 1.5% and 3%. each disc was inserted into the bacterial culture to be cultured, incubated and seen whether there was a clear zone or not. Result: Test results showed a clear zone at a concentration 1.5% with an average diameter of 1.5 mm, at concentration of 3% an average diameter of 3.7 mm and at concentration of 0.75% did not show clear zone. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the lowest concentration of coriander seed extract was obtained which was able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria, is at concentration of 1.5%, the diameter of the inhibition zone of coriander seed extract had weak antibacterial activity.

Evaluation of critical value report of laboratory results based on national quality indicators at Bima general hospital

Rahma Indah Pratiwi, Pujiyanto Pujiyanto — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: To improve service quality and patient safety, Bima Regional General Hospital has set quality targets according to the national indicator. One such indicator is the national quality indicator for laboratory services, which aims to achieve a critical laboratory value report of 100%. Objectives: This research aims to evaluate the reporting of laboratory critical values by considering the achievement of predetermined quality indicator targets. Material and Methods: This research was carried out by collecting secondary data using the cross sectional design at Bima Hospital from January 2023 to March 2023 with a total sampling of critical value reports to the clinician or room nurses from all treatment rooms. Achievement of reporting time is calculated based on the percentage of timeliness of reporting critical value results compared to the total of all critical value reporting and is expressed as 'achieved' and 'not achieved'. Results: This research identifies the achievements of reporting that do not meet the target, and several obstacles and challenges that affect the efficiency and effectiveness of reporting. These findings indicate needs for improving coordination, communication and reporting procedures to support better achievement of quality indicator targets. Conclusions: The proposed improvement recommendations can help hospitals optimize the laboratory reporting process, thereby improving the quality of service and overall patient safety.

Modification of CTAB incubation time in the isolation of DNA from Staphylococcus aureus

Arisma Putri Awaliyah, Endah Prayekti — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: DNA was an essential component in organisms that regulates biological activity. DNA analysis began with isolating pure, highly concentrated DNA, often used the CTAB method to isolate DNA from bacteria. DNA quality affected by incubation timed and temperature as well as its purity. The right incubation timed could optimize the degradation of proteins in the cell wall and maximize the released of DNA from the cell. DNA purity is good if the 260/280 absorbance ratio valued is 1.8-2.0. Objectives: This studied aimed to obtained the highest concentration and quality of DNA by modifying the incubation time of CTAB used Staphylococcus aureus DNA. Materials and Methods: This studied uses quantitative methods with the typed in experimental researched. The isolation stage included cell lysis with CTAB buffer and proteinase-K, purification stage with chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24:1), DNA precipitation stage with isopropanol. Results: The average result of DNA purity obtained from the incubation treatment for 10 minutes was 1.89, for 20 minutes incubation was 1.46, and for 30 minutes incubation was 1.23. The average DNA concentration obtained from the incubation treatment for 10 minutes was 153 ng/µL, for 20 minutes incubation was 78.2 ng/µL, and for 30 minutes incubation was 26 ng/µL. Electrophoresis results at 10 minutes incubation time clearly visible DNA bands, 20 minutes incubation time DNA bands looked faint, and 30 minutes incubation time is not visible DNA bands. Conclusions: Based on the results of the studied, modification of CTAB incubation time with an incubation time of 10 minutes is the result of the highest concentration and quality of DNA using Staphylococcus aureus DNA.

Identification of Candida albicans in the Urine of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patiens at Puskesmas Jaten 2, Karanganyar Regency

Alfina Syalami, Muhammad Taufiq Qurrohman — Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that thrives in environments with high glucose concentrations, which makes patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) especially vulnerable to infection. Elevated blood glucose levels in DM can lead to glycosuria, providing a rich nutrient source for fungal growth. This research is critical because there is a lack of specific studies focusing on fungal infections in diabetic patients in Indonesia, despite the increasing prevalence of DM. This research provides a new perspective by highlighting a local diabetic population that has not been extensively studied before. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the presence of Candida albicans in the urine of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Puskesmas Jaten 2 in Karanganyar Regency. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study included 20 urine samples from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The inclusion criteria were fasting blood glucose levels of 200 mg/dl or higher, and all patients were enrolled in the chronic disease management program (Prolanis) at Puskesmas Jaten 2. The samples were collected and examined macroscopically in February 2024 to detect the presence of Candida albicans. Results: The results showed that Candida albicans was found in 6 out of 20 urine samples (30%), while the fungus was not detected in 14 samples (70%). The majority of positive cases occurred in patients aged 50 and older, suggesting an age-related susceptibility to fungal infection in this population. Patients with higher glucose levels also showed a greater tendency for Candida growth. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Candida albicans is present in the urine of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Puskesmas Jaten 2, with a notable prevalence of 30%. This finding highlights an increased susceptibility to fungal infections in older patients and those with elevated glucose levels, suggesting the need for careful monitoring and potential intervention in this population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are suggested to confirm these results and explore additional preventive measures.

Potential of zodia (Evodia suaveolens) as natural repellents for Culex sp

Intan Kurniawati Pramitaningrum, Muhammad Rizki Kurniawan, Waras Budiman — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Adult Culex sp mosquitoes as disease vector also cause discomfort around humans. Various efforts have been made to prevent the transmission of diseases carried by mosquitoes, including the use of mosquito nets and the use of chemical insecticides in the larval and adult stages. Objectives: This Reserach aim to investigates the potential of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) as natural repellents. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted to test the effectiveness of Zodia extract at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% against Culex sp. mosquitoes. The tests were conducted under controlled conditions in the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Binawan. The effectiveness was measured by the percentage of mosquitoes repelled after exposure. Results: The effectiveness of Zodia repellent increased with concentration, showing 76.4% effectiveness at 1%, 81.3% at 2%, and 91.05% at 3%. These results indicate a concentration-dependent increase in repellency, with the highest concentration approaching typical efficacy rates of synthetic repellents. Conclusions: The Zodia repellent (Evodia suaveolens) with a concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% has been demonstrated to be effective as a natural repellent against Culex sp. mosquitoes.

The relationship between the length of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the intensive phase and hemoglobin levels

Arzaq Nurhadi Fadhilah, Ririh Jatmi Wikandari — Fri, 25 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) medication can alter hematological parameters, including hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin levels due to anti-TB drugs have the potential to cause anemia. Therefore, it is important to know the risk of anemia during intensive phase TB treatment therapy. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the length of treatment for TB patients in the intensive phase and hemoglobin levels. Materials and Methods: The sample was selected using the accidental sampling method. The number of samples obtained was 31 consisting of 17 respondents from the Kedungmundu Community Health Center, 14 respondents from the Bangetayu Community Health Center. EDTA blood was analyzed using a KX21-N hematology analyzer. The relationship between the duration of treatment and hemoglobin levels in TB patients was statistically tested using Pearson correlation test. Results: Most of the intensive phase TB patients are in the 15-24 years age group. The percentage of female patients is 54.8%, and 45.2% male. TB patients with a treatment duration of 5-8 weeks are 34.1% and a treatment duration of 1-4 weeks is 65.9%. Normal hemoglobin levels are 51.6%, and low hemoglobin levels are 48.4%. The results of the Pearson correlation test have a significance level of 0.862. Conclusion: There is no correlation between the duration of treatment of intensive phase TB patients and hemoglobin levels. The importance of monitoring hemoglobin levels during intensive phase treatment, in order to monitor the effectiveness of treatment or the presence of complications such as anemia.